Emulsion



Patented Aug. 25, 1936 PATENT OFFICE EMULSION Benjamin E. Harris, Chicago, II].

No Drawing.

1930, Serial No. 431,964.

Original application February 2'],

Divided and this application January 30, 1934, Serial No. 709,023

4 Claims.

My invention relates in. general to water-oil emulsiw and processpf producing the same.

In the art gjgmaklng water in oil emulsions and oil in water emulsions, it is customary to bring 5 the ingredients into intimate contact with each other by shaking, agitating, beating, homogenizing, grinding, working in a colloid mill or using some other means for the purpose of subdividing the disperse phase in intimate contact with the continuous phase, and, generally speaking, in the presence of a suitable emulsifying agent.

Some of the better'known emulsions of this kind are, for example, mayonnaise, which is an emulsion of oil in water with egg yolk as the 5 emulsifying agent; oleomargarine, which is essentially an emulsion of oils and fats and water with finely subdivided clotted casein as the emul-' sifying agent; vanishing cream, which is stearic acid emulsified with potassium or sodium soap in water; cold creams which essentially are emulsions of oleaginous materials with soap and water; certain types of furniture polishes, which likewise are emulsions of various kinds of oils, among them mineral oil andturpentine and .water or aqueous liquid such as vinegar with a suitable emulsifying agent, bread doughs, and cake batters, etc, These and similar emulsions are generally made with vegetable, animal or mineral oils and fats, which are, for all practical purposes, im-

miscible with water and aqueous liquids.

The stabilities of these emulsions vary, but on aging, sooner or later, all of them reach a point where an appreciable separation of one or the other phase or both phases commences to become noticeable. The ease with which this deterioration sets in, is dependent upon a number of factorsthe relative proportion of emulsifyingagent; character of the emulsifying agent; the thoroughness of initial emulsiflcation; storage conditions; etc.

One of the principal objects of my invention is to stabilize emulsions of this general character. I have found that emulsions of the general character described above as well as other emulsions comprising oleaginous and fatty materials and water or aqueous liquids may be appreciably improved by the introduction of a proportion of certain types of materials, which I designate, as hydrophillic lipins and which are described in greater detail hereinafter. In certain cases, if desired, the oleaginous substance may be entirely replaced by hydrophillic lipins.

One of the principal differences between 'my 7 56 hydrophillic lipins and the oleaginous substances used heretofore in water and oil emulsions is that my substances have a. more or less marked aflinity for water and aqueous liquids, whereas the oleaginous substances used heretofore, such as corn oil, cotton seed oil, various marine oils, linseed oil, 5 tung oil, oleo oil, beef stearine, turpentine, liquid paraflln, etc., are distinctly immiscible with water, are not readily wetted by water to any appreciable extent and do not show the aflinity for water, which characterizes, in part, my hydro- 10 phillic lipins.

Generally speakingy the hydrophillic properties of-my lipins manifest themselves by capacity, in varying degrees, to imbibe water, to be wetted by water and to foam or froth with water. It is 15 common knowledge to those skilled in the art that the fats and oils used heretofore are, generally speaking, notably deficient in this capacity. In general, my hydrophillic lipins are characterized by the presence of a group of moderately 20 high molecular weight, say, from about six carbons, up, and of predominantly oleaginous or hydrocarbon characteristics, which imparts the strictly oleaginous character to a portion of the hydrophillic lipin molecule and another group, or 25 association of groups, of relatively smaller molecular weight with at least one unesterified hydroxyl group attached to carbon and with distinctly hydrophillic characteristics; that is, a group which imparts to the molecule as a whole 30 a certain degree of aihnity for water and aqueous media not possessed by the oleaginous materials such as linseed oil, lard, petrolatum, soy bean oil, etc., heretofore used in oil and water emulsions.

Some of my hydrophillic lipins which are of 35 particular value are the following: 1,6-dilauryl diglycerol, mono mellisyl ester of dlethylene glycol, monoleyl diglycerol, mono-abietic acid ester of triglycerol, mono-stearyl glycerol, mono-cetyl ether of glycerol, mono-oleyl glycerol, and di- 4( ethylene glycol mono-stearate.

An example of the way in which my invention may be carried out in the manufacture of vanishing cream is as follows:

Grams Rosewater 1400 Glycerine- 300 Stearic acid 120 Potassium hydroxide 12 Monostearyl ester of diethylene glycol 60 The ingredients, exclusive of the lipin, are warmed, (to saponify), and agitated together in the usual order and manner by means of a suitable stirring apparatus or a colloid mill. Finally, while 5g still warm, this mixture is treated with the hydrophillic lipin with stirring. A suitable amount of coloring and scent material may be added. Other ingredients may also be added such as zinc oxide or other medicaments may be incorporated. Starch may also be incorporated to give the product whitening qualities.

it varies, among other things, first: with the number and character of the hydroxyl groups present, and second: with the mass and character of the oleaginous group or groups. The illustrations given below will serve to make these two points clear:

Of the following three substances:

The mono-stearyl diethylene glycol used in connectionwith the above product will give the finished product a good texture, greater resistance to syneresis and excellent spreading value on the skin.

Hydrophillic lipins can aration of cold creams. Where lanolin is used,

Monolauryl glycerol the lanolin may be entirely or partially substituted with hydrophillic lipins. In formulae where beeswax is used, this product may also be substituted in part or in whole with lipin.

In cosmetic cold cream formulae, which contain A .a proportion of white vaseline or oils or fats, a

part ofthefatty ingredient may be substituted with the hydroplyllic lipin to give desirable results. Thus, for example, in the following formula:

Stearlc acid 1000 grams Lard 200 grams Ammonia water (sp. g.

0.880) 100 cubic centimeters Distilled water 7700 cubic centimeters Scent the lard may be advantageously replaced by 200 grams of mono-stearyl diglycerol. When this I change is made, the saponification of the stearic acid with the ammonia is preferably-carried out. first, after which the lipin is introduced; in other respects, the usual procedure for making a face 1 cream of this type may be followed.

It will seem that one outstanding characteris tic of the constitutional structure of my hydro phillic lipins is that the fatty character of the otherwise oleaginous molecule is partly offset and attenuated by the presence of hydrophillic hydroxyl groups attached to carbon. The extent of this effect, however, is not so great as to render the lipin freely miscible with certain aqueous media as is the case for example with the ordinary sulphonated oils of commerce.

I have found that the degree of the attenuation of the oleaginous characteristics is by no means the same in different hydrophillic lipins, but that also be used in the prep- A is the least hydrophillic and C the most pronouncedly hydrophillic. It will be observed that while the fatty residue is constant throughout, the number of hydrophillic groups increases going from A to C.

Secondly, in

the following three hydrophilllc lipins:

' Monostearyl Monomclissyl glycerol glycerol E- is relatively more hydrophillic than F, and F in turn is more hydrophillic than G: the hydrophillic group is the same throughout but the oleaginous character is asserted least in E by the relatively small lauryl group.

It will thus be understood by those skilled in the art. that my invention embraces a broad class of materials of varying degrees of fatty and hydrophillic characteristics. The particular purpose for which a hydrophillic lipin is to be used will, in general, in a large measure, govern the decision as to which lipin should be employed.

It is by no means to be understood that my hydrophillic lipins are limited to the particular substances specifically named in this specification by way of example. Many organic water soluble polyhydroxy substances such as glycerol, polyglycerols, glycols, polyglycols, such as diethyleneglycol, sugars, mannltol, sorbitol and other polyhydroxy alcohols and various other water soluble polyhydroxy substances may be used in which one or more than one hydroxyl is converted to an ether or ester group. These ether and ester' groups are preferably high or moderately molecular weight, say, from Co up.

In general, 'the hydrophilli'c character of a given substance may be considerably increased by esterifying one or more of its hydroxyl groups with sulphuric acid. The product so produced may be used for the purposes of my invention and is contemplated thereby, particularly when it is produced in the form of a solid as described in my copendingapplication, Serial No. 431,964, filed February 27, 1930. 4 v I Throughout this specification I have used the prefix "poly to denote more than one.

There are carboxylic esters with unesterified over the fats and oils used heretofore. Examples of such esters are distearyl glycerol, dipalmityl gycerol, monopalmityl-monostearyl glycerol. As shown above, monostearyl glycerol is much more hydrophilllc because it contains a larger hydrophile, namely, two hydroxyl groups in place of one hydroxyl group, as in the case of distearyl glycerol.

I have disclosed the details of my invention in considerable detail so that those skilled in the art may be able to practice the same. I wish to point out, that in the use of the hydrophillic l5 lipins of the character set forth, with a given emulsion, a selection should be made in accordance with the emulsion product manufactured. Themost pronouncedly hydrophillic lipin is not necessarily always of most value. As an example, monoleyl glycerol is not the most hydrophillic of the substances herein described, but I have found it of very great value in the making of mayonnaise. Among its advantages is that it is easily made, and can be furnished in sufficiently large quantities at a satisfactory price. Moreover, it imparts very desirable properties to the mayonnaise.

The chemical substances which I employ in accordance with my invention may be represented by the general formula wherein and H are oxygen and hydrogen respectively, 0 and "w are relatively small whole numbers, X represents the residue of a polyhydroxy substance with groups (OH) and (R0) wherein R is an acyl, alkyl or some other substantially lipophillic group, and wherein the ratio of "w to "0 is at least one. The pres- 4o ent application is a division of my copending application Serial No. 431.964, flied February 2'7, 1930.

It is obvious for the reasons stated, that the invention is not limited in any respects, except within the scope of the appended claims.

The present application is also a continuation in part of my prior case, Serial No. 407,797, filed November 16, 1929, now issued as Patent No. 1,958,700.

Reference is made to my co-pending application, Serial No. 714,113, filed March 5, 1934, wherein I claim emulsions and also alkaline emulsions including hydrophillic lipins which are ether derivatives of polyhydroxy substances.

The claims of the instant application are drawn to substantially non-alkaline emulsions containing said ether derivatives. 7

What I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A substantially non-alkaline emulsion comprising oleaginous material, aqueous material, and a relatively minor proportion of a hydrophillic lipin having the general formula wherein R is an alkyl radical containing at least six carbon atoms, X is the residue of an aliphatic polyhydroxy substance containing at least four carbon atoms, and v and w are small whole numbers, the ratio of w to 1: being at least one.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein X is the residue of a substance of the class consisting oi. polygiycerols, polyglycols, sugars and sugar alcohols.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein X is the residue of diethylene glycol.

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein x is the residue 01' mannitol.

BENJAMIN R. HARRIS. 

